LT3478/LT3478-1
OPERATIO
The LT3478/LT3478-1 are high powered LED drivers with
a 42V, 4.5A internal switch and the ability to drive LEDs
with up to 1050mA for LT3478-1 and up to 105mV/R SENSE
for LT3478.
The LT3478/LT3478-1 work similarly to a conventional
current mode boost converter but use LED current (instead
of output voltage) as feedback for the control loop. The
Block Diagram in Figure 1 shows the major functions of
the LT3478/LT3478-1.
For the part to turn on, the V IN pin must exceed 2.8V and
the ? S ? H ? D ? N pin must exceed 1.4V. The ? S ? H ? D ? N pin threshold
allows programming of an undervoltage lockout (UVLO)
threshold for the system input supply using a simple
resistor divider. A 10μA current ?ows into the ? S ? H ? D ? N pin
before part turn on and is removed after part turn on. This
current hysteresis allows programming of hysteresis for
the UVLO threshold. See “Shutdown Pin and Programming
Undervoltage Lockout” in the Applications Information
Section. For micropower shutdown the ? S ? H ? D ? N pin at 0V
reduces V IN supply current to approximately 3μA.
Each LED driver is a current mode step-up switch-
ing regulator. A regulation point is achieved when the
boosted output voltage V OUT across the output LED(s) is
high enough to create current in the LED(s) equal to the
programmed LED current. A sense resistor connected in
series with the LED(s) provides feedback of LED current
to the converter loop.
The basic loop uses a pulse from an internal oscillator to set
the RS ?ip-?op and turn on the internal power NPN switch
Q1 connected between the switch pin, SW, and ground.
Current increases in the external inductor until switch
current limit is exceeded or until the oscillator reaches
its maximum duty cycle. The switch is then turned off,
causing inductor current to lift the SW pin and turn on an
external Schottky diode connected to the output. Inductor
current ?ows via the Schottky diode charging the output
capacitor. The switch is turned back on at the next reset
the V C voltage controls the peak switch current limit and
hence the inductor current available to the output LED(s).
As with all current mode converters, slope compensation
is added to the control path to ensure stability.
The CTRL1 pin is used to program maximum LED current
via Q2. The CTRL2 pin can be used to program a decrease
in LED current versus temperature for maximum reliability
and utilization of the LED(s). A CTRL2 voltage with negative
temperature coef?cient can be created using an external
resistor divider from V REF with temperature dependant
resistance. Unused CTRL2 is tied to V REF .
For True Color PWM dimming, the LT3478/LT3478-1
provide up to a 3000:1 wide PWM dimming range by al-
lowing the duty cycle of the PWM pin (connected to the
IC and an external N-channel MOSFET in series with the
LED(s)) to be reduced from 100% to as low as 0.033%
for a PWM frequency of 100Hz. Dimming by PWM duty
cycle, allows for constant LED color to be maintained over
the entire dimming range.
For robust operation, the LT3478/LT3478-1 monitor system
performance for any of the following faults : V IN or ? S ? H ? D ? N
pin voltages too low and/or inductor current too high
and/or boosted output voltage too high. On detection of
any of these faults, the LT3478/LT3478-1 stop switching
immediately and a soft-start latch is set discharging the
SS pin (see Timing Diagram for SS pin in Figure 11). All
faults are detected internally and do not require external
components. When all faults no longer exist, an internal
12μA supply charges the SS pin with a timing programmed
using a single external capacitor. A gradual ramp up of SS
pin voltage limits switch current during startup.
For optimum component sizing, duty cycle range and ef-
?ciency the LT3478/LT3478-1 allow for a separate inductor
supply V S and for switching frequency to be programmed
from 200kHz up to 2.25MHz using a resistor from the R T
pin to ground. The advantages of these options are covered
in the Applications Informations section.
cycle of the internal oscillator. During normal operation
34781f
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